2018自考英语二作文_2018年10月自考英语(一)应试复习资料【1-3】

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【导语】愿你像那小小的溪流,将那高高的山峰作为生命的起点,一路跳跃,一路奔腾,勇敢地、勇敢地奔向生活的大海。以下是为大家整理的《2018年10月自考英语(一)应试复习资料【1-3】》供您查阅。

【篇一】

  第一部分 词海拾趣

  1.Success n . 成功

  I wish you success.

  Congratulations to you on your success.

  Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事

  If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he"ll travel abroad.

  分析下面这句话中succeed 的意思:

  A silence succeeded his words. (随后,接着)

  他说完话后,紧接着是一阵沉默。

  Successful adj. 成功的

  In a way, he"s successful.

  Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀)

  2. Disagree with… 不同意…

  agree 同意…

  agree with … I couldn"t agree with you more.

  I agree with what you said.

  agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?

  agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.

  ( 补充dislike , unlike )

  3.statement 声明,陈述, 财务报表,财务结算表

  eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他说的话吗?

  I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每个月从银行收到一份财务结算表。

  (构词法 state statement , improve improvement )

  4. guarantee n , v. 保证,担保,保修

  under guarantee 在保修期

  The watch is still under guarantee. 这块手表还在保修期。

  The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 这台电视保修两年。

  我们还可以说:The TV set is guaranteed for two years.

  I guarantee that you"ll enjoy yourself. 我保证你会玩的愉快。

  5.Be similar to ….与…相似

  6. Inexact

  incomplete

  independent ( differ, different)

  depend on…依靠,取决于…

  It depends.(意思是还没有确定,视情况而定)

  7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker

  8. clue 线索,迹象

  Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么线索?

  (非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂,一无所知)

  ---do you know what he"s talking about? (你知道他在说什么吗?)

  ----I don"t have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l

  9.Conclusion n. 结论

  Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下结论。

  In conclusion, I"d like to say how much I"ve enjoyed staying here.最后,我想说的是,我在这儿过的多么愉快。

  10.On Purpose 故意的

  purposefully

  11.outline 轮廓,概要,大纲

  an outline of history 历史大纲

  v. 划出…轮廓, 提出…纲要, 略述

  The director outlined his plans for the company"s future. 经理概述了公司未来的计划。

  第二部分:课文语言点剖析

  1. Learning a language is easy. 这句话中动名词短语learning a language作主语。

  又如:Seeing is believing .

  2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

  试找出句子的主干:

  此句中who are learning a second language 是定语从句,用来修饰most adults.

  Would 的用法?

  3.Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表确数时不用复数形式,表概数时加S

  Eg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,

  Hundreds of…

  Thousands of …

  Millions of…

  Billions of…

  4.be different from…与….不同

  be the same as….与….相同

  5.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

  Who 引导了一定从,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是后面不定式。

  6.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,…

  注意offer 的用法:offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb

  advice 是不可数名词,不能说an advice , 同样也没有词形变化,不能加S。

  听从某人建议,我们说take/follow one"s advice

  7. practice speaking the language every day.

  Practice doing sth

  Everyday 与every day 的区别

  Everyday life 日常生活

  I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。

  8.Learn as a child would learn

  As 引导了一方式状语,像孩子那样。

  9.first of all 首先,第一

  secondly 其次

  finally 最后

  (阅读时要注意文章的topic sentence,一般在句首或者句尾)

  10.wait for ,

  look for / find

  11.such /so 都翻译成如此,区别何在? 看下面的短语,用such/so 填空。

  __a man

  __a kind lady

  __pretty the carpet

  __kind a lady

  __bad weather

  __beautiful pictures

  12.make a mistake 犯错误

  13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事

  不愿做某事的表达方法:

  be unwilling to do sth

  be reluctant to do sth

  14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.

  That 引导的定从修饰the information

  Information 为不可数名词

  15. It"s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

  16. Learn from… 向….学习

  we should learn from each other.

  17. you have probably been learning independently, …

  本句用了现在完成进行时:have ( has) been doing

  表示从过去开始,一直持续现在仍在进行的动作。

  例如:It has been raining.

  18.on the one hand, 一方面

  on the other hand 另一方面

  19.If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

  如果你的语言学习一直都不太成功,你不妨试试上面列出的一些技巧。

  Less than …是一固定格式,译为 不太….

  Eg:

  We"re less than happy about the coming exam.

  我们不太高兴参加即将到来的这场考试。

  Outlined above 分词短语作定语后置

  20.Might do well to do sth,最好还是做… ,不妨做….

  可以与might do sth as well 互换使用,例如:

  you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以说成

  you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.

  翻译下面的句子:

  He hasn"t worked hard, he might give it up as well.

  You might do well to start early.

  第三部分 语法讲解(一)词类

  英语中词实词和虚词两类,其中实词有名词,代词,形容词,副词,动词,数词。虚词有介词,冠词,连词,感叹词。

  1. 名词n

  名词是表示事物名称的词。有普通名词和抽象名词两类。参照课本第19页。

  考查重点在名词的可数性上。名词还有可数和不可数之分。

  可数名词有单数和复数之分。

  可数名词复数变化规则:

词尾字母情况 变化方法 例词 一般情况 加-s bird-birds, desk-desks, hand-hands lake-lakes 以ch , sh , s, x ,z 加-es church-churches, dish-dishes class-classes box-boxes, quiz-quizzes 辅音字母+y 变y为i在加es family-families, baby- babies country-countries 以o结尾 加-es tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes hero-heroes, volcano-volcanoes 以f或fe结尾 变f或者fe为v加es Thief-thieves, wife-wives, half-halves leaf-leaves, Knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves

  注:a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加-s, 如:play-plays, boy-boys

  b.以o结尾的名词,直接加-s,如:photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos

  c.以f 或者fe结尾,直接加-s,如:belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs

  2.冠词article

  冠词有不定冠词(a, an) 和定冠词(the) 不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数,表示一个,一件….,the 可以与可数名词连用,也可以与不可数名词连用,表特指。

  A用在辅音(音素 )开头的可数名词单数前边, an 用于元音(音素非字母)开头的可数名词单数前面。例如:

  A cake, a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest man

  3. 代词pron

  代词有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,相互代词,指示代词,不定代词,疑问代词,关系代词等。

  1.人称代词:

  人称代词分为第一、第二和第三人称,每个人称有各自的主格和宾格形式

  第一人称: I (主格)-me(宾格), we(主格)-us(宾格)

  第二人称: you(主格、宾格)

  第三人称: he(主格)-him(宾格)

  she (主格)- her (宾格)

  it (主格)- it (宾格)

  they (主格)- them(宾格)

  注:a).当I和其他名词或代词一起作并列主语时,I总放在最后。但是翻译的时候,汉语的习惯是我在前。

  如:Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和汤姆 ,约翰昨晚参加了一个派对。

  You and I 我和你

  You, he and I 你我他

  注:表示要承担责任时,应把I 提前,例如:I and Tony are to blame.

  2. 物主代词:

  物主代词分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。

第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性 my our your your his her its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs

  形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,必须和名词连用,不能单独使用;名词性的物主代词相当于名词,不能再与名词连用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:

  This is your book.. Mine is on the desk. 这是你的书,我的在桌子上。(mine=my book)

  3.反身代词:

第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves

  4.相互代词:each other, one another

  5. 指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词,如:this, these, that, those.

  如:We have no water .That"s our trouble.我们没有水了。这是我们的困难。

  注:指示代词this, that可在句中作状语,表示程度,相当于so .

  如:He said he couldn"t walk that far.

  6.疑问代词who"s the girl in red?

  7.关系代词He"s a professor who has lived here for 10 years.

  8 .不定代词:

  1).复合不定代词由every, some, any, no与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词。

  指人     指人     指物

  everyone  everybody  everything

  someone  somebody  something

  anyone   anybody   anything

  no one   nobody    nothing

  所有的不定代词都当作单数对待。

  如:No one wants to go there.

  Is everyone here?

  复合不定代词的定语后置,即形容词作复合不定代词的定语时要后置。

  如:I have something important to tell you .

  复合不定代词只具有名词性质,不能作定语。

  如:Nobody is late for the meeting .(复合不定代词nobody作主语)

  I know nothing about the accident.(复合代词nothing 作宾语)

  That"s nothing.没什么。(复合代词nothing作表语)

  2) 英语中的不定代词如:all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等,多数都可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但no和every只具有形容词性质只能作定语,none只具有名词性质,不能作定语。

  如:Time waits for no man.时不我待。(no 作定语)

  Every room is bright.每个房间都很明亮。(every作定语)

  None of them has been to Paris.他们中没有一个去过巴黎。(none作主语,强调单一性,谓语用单数)

  None of them were aware of the danger.他们都没有意识到有危险。(none强调整体性,谓语用复数)

  3) .it 的用法

  1) 用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事务

  The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .It"s a cold-blooded one.

  2) 用以代替指示代词

  What"s this? It"s a flag.

  3) 起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物

  Who"s knocking at the door? It"s me.

  4) 指环境情况等

  It"s noisy in the classroom.

  5) 指时间,天气,季节,距离等

  It"s a long way to the factory.

  6) 做形式主语,形式宾语,如:

  It"s not a good habit to stay up late.

  I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.

  7) 用于强调结构

【篇二】

  Text A

  The Atlantic Ocean

  本课主要单词

  1. unwilling adj.不情愿的,不愿意的;勉强的

  she is unwilling to share anything with others. (她不愿意与他人分享任何东西。)

  He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.

  (尽管前面可能有许多困难,但他不愿意中途放弃。)

  They got some unwilling assistance from the local government. (地方政府勉强给了他们一些协助。)

  2. equator n.赤道

  3. bulge n.不规则突起;鼓起之处;(突然)上涨,增多

  v.使膨胀;塞满

  Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。)

  The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon. (图表显示龙年出生率的暴增。)

  4. unusual adj. 少有的;不寻常的;与众不同的,独特的

  It was not unusual for him to work very late every night. (每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常的事。

  5. salty adj. 咸的,含盐的 salt n. 盐;风趣   v. 用盐调味;用盐腌;撒盐于道路上

  He didn’t have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty. (他晚餐吃的不多,因为菜太咸了。)

  It took them a long time to salt the main roads. (他们花了好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。)

  grind salt in sb.’s wounds 在某人伤口上撒盐,使某人痛上加痛

  with a grain of salt 半信半疑地

  Salt Lake City 盐湖城(美国尤他州州府)

  请注意:形容词salty是由名词 salt加形容词后缀 -y构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有很多,如:windy,snowy,rainy,cloudy,sunny,funny,muddy,foggy…

  6. average n. 平均数,平均   adj. 平均的;平常的,普通的   v. 平均

  The average of 5,7 and 9 is 7. (5,7,9的平均数是7.)

  The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均气温在零度以下。)

  He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般学生。)

  7. spot n.地点,处所;点,斑点  v. 点缀;认出;准确定位  adj. 当场作出的;现付的

  She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。)

  She told us the exact spot where the accident happened. (她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我们)

  His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥渍。)

  She is so special, you can spot her in the crowd easily. (她很特别,你在人群中能一眼认出她来。)

  She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促当场做决定。)

  on the spot 当场,在现场   in a spot 在困境中,在窘境中

  put sb. on the spot 使某人处于难堪地位

  put one’s finger on sb’s weak spot 指出某人性格上的弱点

  spot check 抽样检查   spot survey 抽样调查

  spotlight 聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心

  spot news 现场报道的新闻   spot price 现货价

  8. range n. 山脉;幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动,变化;把…排列成行

  medium-range missile 中程导弹   wide range of interests 兴趣广泛

  at close range 接近地   in/within range 在射程内

  9. peak n. 山峰;顶点

  The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.(山峰终年积雪。)

  His career is at its peak .  (他的事业正处于鼎盛时期)

  10. vessel n. 船,舰;容器,器皿

  an ocean-going vessel 远洋轮

  11. crew n. 全体船员,全体机务人员

  The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain’s decision.(船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。)

  The aircraft has a crew of 6.(这架飞机有6名机组人员。)

  12. becalm v.(常用被动语态)(指帆船)因无风而停止前进

  He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island. (他在海岛北面因无风而停泊了整整一周。)

  13. gulf n. 海湾;隔阂;鸿沟

  The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends. (那场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。)

  the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾

  Gulf Stream 湾流,墨西哥湾流

  14. stream n. 小河,溪流   v. 流,涌

  Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.(当她听到那个消息时,泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。)

  15. current n. (空气,水等的)流,潮流;电流;倾向   adj. 当前的,通行的

  The child had been swept away by the current.(孩子被水流卷走了。)

  Mass media influence the current of public opinion.(大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。)

  Give me a current issue of Reader’s Digest.(给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。)

  current events 时事       current situation 当前形势

  16. affect v. 影响;打动;(疾病)侵袭 effect n. 效果;作用,影响;

  no effects 无存款(银行在空头支票上的批语)

  be of no effect无效     bring sth. to effect 实行,实施

  in effect实际上       take effect 见效;生效

  17. climate n. 气候

  weather n. 天气

  18. flow n. 流   v. 流动

  The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (医生把血止住了。)

  19. furnish v. 供应,提供;装备,(用家具)布置

  20. highway n. 公路; (水陆)交通干线

  21. float v.(使)漂浮

  本课主要构词法

  Affixation  (词缀法)

  1. 反意词前缀un-    unusual,unwilling

  2. 形容词后缀-y    salty

  3. 名词后缀-or    sailor

  Compounding   (合词法)

  1. 复合名词    highway,steamship,airplane

  2. 复合形容词    mid-Atlantic,eastward

  本课简介

  The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在,也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。

  本课主要语言点

  1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

  在表示河流,海洋,群岛,沙漠等地理名称的名词前,以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定冠词,例如:the Yellow River(黄河),the Pacific Ocean(太平洋), the Philippines (菲列宾)

  在表示某一座山,岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词,例如:Yellow Mountain(黄山),Lake Erie(伊利湖),Hainan Island(海南岛)

  separate from是常用词组,在句子中的意思是“(使)分离,(使)分开”,请翻译下面的句子:

  英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

  the Old world指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。the New (World) 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。

  2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

  keep… from doing 是习惯用法,意思是“使…不…”。

  例如:It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。)

  3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

  make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意为“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如:His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。)

  主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。

  4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

  Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

  这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。请看下面的例句:My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。)

  请注意辨析another 和other:

  another由 an+other构成,只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another+单数名词表示不定的“另一个”,the other+单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。

  boiling hot意思是“滚热的,酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词,表示热的程度,修饰hot.

  5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

  此句中,that引导的名词从句做宾语。

  6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…

  在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如:

  This book is not half as interesting as that one.(这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。)

  7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

  suppose 常常做动词用,意思是“假定;猜想;认为”。例如:

  I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很紧张。)

  在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一个连词,意思是“假设(= if);假使…结果会怎么样”。例如:

  Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?(假如他病了,我们怎么办?)

  8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

  it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一个句型。例如:

  1) 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

  2) 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

  9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper.

  on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。

  a little 在句子中修饰more,表示程度,意思是“一点儿,稍许”。much在句子中修饰

  deeper,也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”。

  10. This “deep” measures 30,246 feet――almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

  本句中的deep做名词用,意思是“深处”,“海渊”(水深超过3000英里)。

  measure 在句子中做动词用,意思是“测量”,“有…深”。

  11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

  本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一样,都是形容词的最高级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,所以,最高级的构成是在词尾加-est.对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词,最高级的构成是在形容词前面加most.

  rise 是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。

  1) rise 不及物动词 (起立;上升,高耸;浮现)

  The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

  The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

  An idea rises in my mind.

  2) raise 及物动词 (举起;养育;提高;召集)

  If you have any questions, please raise your hands.

  When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.

  The management promised to raise the workers" salary after the negotiation.

  He failed to raise the money for his father"s heart operation.

  3) arise 不及物动词 (升起;出现;由…引起)

  Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

  New problems arise when old ones are solved.

  4) arouse 及物动词 (唤醒;激起,引起)

  The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

  floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中,floor当然有其他的意思。如;

  1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7楼。)

  2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter. (冬天时,木地板给我温暖的感觉。)

  3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在会上得到了发言权。)

  12. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

  called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句,在其前省去了which is.

  13. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

  crew是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,此句中谓语动词用的是复数were,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels(船)上的船员。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

  14. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.

  furnish sth For sb. 意思是“为…提供”,我们同样可以用furnish sb. with sth.来表达这个意思。

  本课主要词组及句型

  词组:

  1. separate from        2. keep sb. from doing sth.

  3. be unwilling to do sth.    4. between A and B

  5. make sth unusual       6. so…that

  7. dry up           8. on the average

  9. rise from          10. furnish sth for sb.

  11. pile up          12. from…to

  句型:

  A.定语从句:

  1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

  2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.

  B.表语从句:

  1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

  2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

  C.结果状语从句:

  1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.

  2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.

  D.形容词的比较级和最高级:

  1)The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large.

  2)It is more than 4,000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.

  3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide.

  4)Also, it is the world"s saltiest ocean.

  5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.

  E be one of+复数名词

  The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

  F it takes sb. some time to do sth.

  It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up.

  地理名称

  1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋

  Asia (亚洲)Europe(欧洲) Africa(非洲)

  North America(北美洲) South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲)

  the Antarctic(南极洲) The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋)

  the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋)

  2.常用词

  continent (大陆) continental shelf(大陆架)

  subcontinent(次大陆) volcano(火山)

  iceberg(冰山) mountain range(山脉)

  delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布) gulf(海湾)

  straits channel(海峡) coast line (海岸线)

  beach(海滩)gulf(海湾)

  Text B The Moon

  短语表达

  1. tie to(与…联系在一起;使*于…)

  2. except for(除了…之外)

  Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了几处拼写错误,你的文章写的不错)

  3. be near to(靠近)

  4. face towards(朝向)

  5. keep…in mind(把…记在心里)

  6. light up(变亮;使容光焕发)

  7. reflect(反射)

  8. … enough for sb. to do sth.(足以让某人做某事)

  The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party. (这间房够大了,我们可以在里面开舞会。)

  9. speak of(提到,说起)

  10. otherwise(不然;另外的)

  11. nothing but(仅仅,除了…之外没有什么)

  There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食橱里除了一片面包什么也没有。)

  语法讲解: 构词法(派生法,合成法,转换法)

  派生法:通过加前后缀构成新词(常见名词,形容词,副词和动词的后缀,反义前缀及其他含义的前缀)

  合成法:两个获两个以上的单词合成一个新词

  转换法:词形不变,词性转化

  参照课本第80页

  巩固练习:

  1.各种各样的:adj. various

  2.诚实:n. honest

  3.操作员:n. operator

  4.想象力:n. imagination

  5.消除:v. remove

  6.失败:n. failure

  7.普遍的:adj. widespread

  8.独立的: adj. independent

  9.农业的:adj. agricultural

  10. 频繁地: adv. Frequently

【篇三】

  Improving Your Memory

  本课主要语言点

  1. psychological adj. 心理学的

  Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.

  (在赢得一场比赛中,心理因素常常起着重要作用。)

  2. focus v. (使)聚焦,(使)集中 ( focus on )  n. 焦点,中心

  He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.(他正注视着墙上的一幅画。)

  3. basic adj. 基本的,基础的

  He even didn"t have a basic aim in life.(他连生活的基本目标都没有。)

  It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical skills.(教他们一些基本的数学技能是必要的。)

  4. principle n. 原理,原则;信念

  on principle 原则上

  principal adj. 主要的n. 校长,负责人;委托人

  5. meaningfulness n. 富有意义

  mean v. 表示…意思,意味着;打算

  meaning n. 意思,意义

  meaningful adj. 有意思的,意味深长的

  meaningless adj. 没有意

  6. organization n. 组织;机构

  organize v. 组织

  7. association n. 联合,结合;交往;协会

  associate v. 使联合;把…联想起来;交往 ( associate with )

  associate adj. 副的

  an associate professor 副教授    an associate editor副主编

  8. Visualization n. 想像,设想

  visualize v. 设想,想像

  visual adj. 视觉的;看的见的;形象化的

  9. Rhyme v. 韵,押韵

  Rhythm n. 节奏

  10. ability n. 能力,才能

  11. random adj. 胡乱的,任意的,随意的  n. 无目的或目标

  This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.

  (我们只是对所收到的有关售后服务方面的投诉随意地选择了一下。)

  He opened the books at random.(他胡乱地打开了书。)

  12. categorize v. 分类

  category n. 种类;范畴;部门

  If you categorize the information you need to remember, you will find it much easier.

  (如果你把所需记忆的信息分类,你就会觉得记忆起来要容易得多。)

  13. following adj. 接着的,下述的  prep. 在…之后

  The following examples will prove my point.(下面的例子将证实我的观点。)

  Following the discussion a decision was made.(讨论之后便做出了决定。)

  14. needless adj. 不需要的,不必要的

  Needless to say, I don"t think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.

  (不用说,我觉得他在会上提的建议不怎么样。)

  You don"t have to take such a needless risk.(你不用去冒这种不必要的险。)

  15. Refer v. ( to ) 提到,涉及;参考,查阅;把…归到…上;使向…请教;有关联

  Reference n. 参考;提及;关联

  He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同学询问她的品行。)

  He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失败归因于身体不好。)

  These answers are for reference only.(这些答案仅供参考。)

  16. relate v. ( to ) 有关联;叙述,讲述

  related adj. 有关的,相关的

  relation n. 关系,联系

  I don"t understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解结果和原因如何关联。)

  Don"t worry too much about them, they have very good relations.(别太为他们担心,他们的关系很好。)

  17. accurately adv. 准确地,精确地

  accurate adj. 准确的,精确的

  accuracy n. 准确,精确

  18. memorize v. 熟记,记住

  memory n.记忆力

  19. repeat v. 重复 repetition n. 重复

  20. preserve v. 保护,维持;保存

  词缀法

  1. 名词后缀 -ation; tion; sion

  organization,visualization,information,preservation,integration,

  relation,association,repetition,separation,addition

  2. 动词后缀 -ize

  organize,memorize,visualize,categorize,familiarize

  3. 名词后缀 -ence

  reference,difference

  4. 名词后缀 -ity

  similarity,familairity

  本课简介

  本课介绍了在如何增强记忆方面心理学所做的研究。信息的意义,组织,联想和想像是有助于记忆的几个基本原则。如何运用这些基本原则呢?课文对此一一作了介绍,条理十分清楚。学了本课,相信会有收获。

  本课语言点

  1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

  research 在本句中做名词,这个词也可以做动词用。请看下面的例句,注意research的词类和用法:

  Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.

  (科学家们一直对脑损伤的起因进行研究。)

  focus on 是一个常用词组,意思是“集中”,在生词部分已作了较为详细的讲解,在此,请翻译几个句子:

  她觉得很不自在,因为所有的目光都注视着她。(She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)

  a number of 的意思是“许多”。请看下面的例句,注意a number of 和the number of 的区别:

  1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.

  (由于污染问题许多工厂被关闭了。)

  2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我们学校的学生人数每年都在增加。)

  2. It is useful to know how these principles work.

  it 在句中做形式主语,真正的主语to know how these principles work,此类结构我们在第一和第二单元已有了解。请看下面的句子:

  It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)

  It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困难。)

  work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;产生影响”,

  3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.

  affect 是动词,意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆,请注意下面的句子:

  1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。)

  2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。)

  4. Information that doesn’t make any sense to you is difficult to remember.

  that引导的定语从句修饰information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.

  不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。

  make sense 的意思是“有意义;可理解”。请看下面的句子:

  His explanation makes no sense to his students.(学生们不理解他的解释。)

  5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.

  动词不定式to remember在句中做定语,修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子:

  He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早来的诺言。)

  make a difference 的意思是“有关系;有影响;起作用”。请看下面的句子:

  1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.

  (他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。)

  2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你参与我们的工作,情况就不一样了。)

  6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

  句中的better是副词well的比较级形式,意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子:

  This job is better paid than that one.(这份工作的报酬比那份高。)

  information是一个不可数名词,不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句:

  7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

  在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”,它与be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句:

  1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美国由50个州组成。)

  2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我们班由45名同学组成。)

  a bit在句中的意思是“一点,一些”,它可以用在形容词的前面, 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句:

  1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有点累。)

  2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.

  (如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。)

  8. Categorizing is another means of organization.

  句中的means是一个名词,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句:

  Email is a modern means of communication. (电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。)

  9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows:

  group into在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”。请看例句:

  as follows 的意思是“如下”,请看例句:

  1) The full text reads as follows: (全文如下:)

  2) The results are as follows: (结果如下:)

  10Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

  划线部分是该句的主要成分,forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语,can help做谓语,us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。

  斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构,做方式状语,修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image.

  不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构,做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见,在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句:

  1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗?)

  2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想让你下午去见他。)

  3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。)

  4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找个人来帮你。)

  “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见,请看例句:

  With the problem solved, the plan is going on smoothly.(随着这个问题的解决,计划正顺利进行。)

  本课主要词组及句型

  词组:

  1. focus on 2. a number of

  3. at all levels 4. make sense

  5. make a difference 6. in random order

  7. consist of 8. group into

  9. as follows 10. needless to say

  11. refer to 12. relate…to

  13. associate with 14. compare with

  句型:

  A.定语从句

  1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.

  2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember

  3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.

  4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.

  5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.

  B. 动名词做主语

  1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.

  2) Categorizing is another means of organization.

  3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

  Text B Short-term Memory

  短语表达

  1. at a later time

  Go ahead with your work, I will give you a call at a later time.

  I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.

  2. in contrast (with / to)

  Helen is very talkative. In contrast, her elder sister is silent.

  His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack"s thoughtfulness.

  3. look up

  I don"t remember Tom"s telephone number, will you please look it up in the telephone book for me?

  4. be unable to

  He was unable to provide us with more information.

  5. be released from

  He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.

  6. be rewarded with

  The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.

  If the rat could find the right door, it would be rewarded with food.

  语法讲解:

  句子的用途分类:

  参照课本第107-110页

  我们重点讲解反意疑问句和感叹句的用法:

  1.反意疑问句:

  构成:

  需要注意的问题:

  陈述部分由否定词never,seldom,后面疑问部分就用肯定形式,但如果是通过加了反义前缀构成了与原来意义相反的词,那后面疑问部分仍然用否定形式。

  She has never been to Beijing ,_has she_?

  She"s unhappy, isn"t she ?

  2.感叹句:

  she"s a pretty girl.

  What a pretty girl (she is ) !

  He is causing a lot of trouble.

  What a lot of trouble he is causing !

  The girl is pretty.

  How pretty the girl is !

  The book is interesting .

  How interesting the book is!

  巩固练习:

  用what , how 填空:

  ___bad weather!

  ___cold it is !

  ____beautiful flowers!

  _____funny!

  ____a pity!

  用正确的形式填空:

  Nobody knows about that , ____?

  She must have been in the classroom , _____?

  It must have rained last night , ____?

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