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　　Section A

　　Directions： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks。 You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。 Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。 Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。 Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。 You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。

　　Since the 1940s，southern California has had a reputation for smog。 Things are not as bad as they once were but， according to the American Lung Association， Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 。Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center， an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains， one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze（霾）。Nor is the state’s bad air 27 to its south。 Fresno， in the central valley， comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution。 Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 。

　　All of which， combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 ，makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 。And that is just what Aclima， a new firm in San Francisco， has been doing over the past few months。 It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution。 Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings， including offices。

　　To this end， Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system。 Davida Herzl， Aclima’s boss， says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars。 Conversely， “cycle to work” days have done their job by 35 pollution lows。

　　A） assisted I） inhabitants

　　B） collaborating J） innovation

　　C） consequence K） intended

　　D） consumers L） outdoor

　　E） creating M） pollutants

　　F） detail N） restricted

　　G） domestic O） sum

　　H） frequently

　　Section C

　　Direction： There are 2 passages in this section。 Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement。 For each of them there are four choice and our marked A），B），C） and D）。You should decide on the best choice and nark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet2 with a single line through the centre。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage。

　　Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary。 We know the risk of dementia （痴呆） increases with age。 But if you have memory slips， you probably needn’t worry。 There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss。

　　After age 50， it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people， places and thing quickly， says Dr。 Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Woman’s Hospital in Boston。

　　The brain ages just like the rest of the body。 Certain parts shrink， especially areas in the brain that are important to learning， memory and planning。 Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain。 And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow。

　　Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie， for example， is nothing to worry about。 But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it， that’s far more concerning， Daffner says。

　　When you forget entire experiences， he says， that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved。” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven， or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong。

　　But even then， Daffner says， people shouldn’t panic。 There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss， including health problems like temporary stoppage of

　　Defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive （认知的） reserve， Daffner says。

　　“Read books， go to movies， take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，” he says。 In other words， keep your brain busy and working。 And also get physically active， because exercise is a known brain booster。

　　46。 Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips？

　　A） Not all of them are symptoms of dementia。

　　B） They occur only among certain groups of people。

　　C） Not all of them are related to one’s age。

　　D） They are quite common among fifty-year-olds。

　　47。 What happens as we become aged according to the passage？

　　A） Our interaction skills deteriorate。

　　B） Some parts of our brain stop functioning。

　　C） Communication within our brain weakens。

　　D） Our whole brain starts shrinking。

　　48。 Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously？

　　A） Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines。

　　B） Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences。

　　C） Failure to remember the names of movies or actors。

　　D） Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends。

　　49。 What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up？

　　A） Check the brain’s cognitive reserve。

　　B） Turn to a professional for assistance。

　　C） Stop medications affecting memory。

　　D） Exercise to improve their well-being。

　　50。 What is Dr Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss？

　　A） Having regular physical and mental checkups。

　　B） Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain。

　　C） Engaging in known memory repair activities。

　　D） Staying active both physically and mentally。

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