【www.scabjd.com--考研】

【导语】你用才智和学识取得今天的收获，又将以明智和果敢接受明天的挑战。愿你永葆一往无前精神。以下是为大家整理的《2019考研英语翻译习题练习【1-5】》供您查阅。

【篇一：*票房】

*票房

box office

请看例句：

For the first time ever, China"s quarterly box office performance outshone its North American counterpart, topping the global film market.

中国的季度*票房首次超过北美票房，问鼎全球*市场。

2018年一季度，中国*市场票房收入达202.17亿元(boast 20.217 billion yuan in box office receipts)，超过北美同期的28.9亿美元(约合人民币183亿元)，首次成为世界第一。值得注意的是，在一季度最卖座的10部*中(10 highest-grossing films)，国产片(domestic films)入榜7部并占据了前5名，分别是《红海行动》(Operation Red Sea)、《唐人街探案2》(Detective Chinatown 2)、《捉妖记2》(Monster Hunt 2)、《前任3：再见前任》、《无问西东》。而好莱坞大片(Hollywood blockbuster)仅占两席，分别排在第8位和第10位。

此次票房的高歌猛进并非依仗某一类型的*，国内观众的观影口味可谓五花八门(have diverse tastes)，排名前5的国产片从题材到类型均不尽相同(vary from genre to style)。比如首部与中国人民解放军海军合拍的*(the first movie co-produced with the PLA Navy)《红海行动》讲述了2015年也门内战期间(during the civil war in Yemen)，中国海军帮助中国公民和外国民众撤离(evacuation of Chinese citizens and foreign nationals)的故事。而中国版福尔摩斯片《捉妖记2》则在喜剧中混合了神秘元素(combine comedy with mystery elements)。

中国*市场能这么快超越北美，其身后最大的推动力就是年轻消费者(young consumers)。根据猫眼*的数据，近80%的观影者为"85后"。同时，生活在二线城市及以下的"小镇青年(small-town youngsters)"正成为*市场的主角。一部意外火爆的《前任3》(The Ex-File: The Return of the Exes and Forever Young)，让人们第一次意识到了"小镇青年"的旺盛消费力(strong consumption power)，他们正成为中国*票房的重要来源。

[相关词汇]

*审查 movie censorship

口碑 word of mouth

首映式 premiere

特效 special effect

续集病 sequel syndrome

票房造假 box office scam

【篇二：养老保险基金】

国务院日前印发《关于建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度的通知》，决定建立养老保险基金中央调剂制度，自2018年7月1日起实施。

China will establish a central adjustment system for basic pension funds of enterprise employees to balance payment burdens of local governments, according to an official document.

《通知》表示，我国将建立企业职工基本养老保险金中央调剂制度，以均衡地方政府的养老金负担。

《通知》明确，建立养老保险基金中央调剂制度(a central adjustment system for basic pension funds)的主要内容是，在现行企业职工基本养老保险省级统筹基础上，建立养老保险中央调剂基金，对各省份养老保险基金进行适度调剂(a central adjustment fund will be set up to regulate pension funds in various provincial regions)，确保基本养老金按时足额发放(help guarantee timely and complete payments to retirees)。

一是中央调剂基金由各省份养老保险基金上解的资金构成(the adjustment fund draws a certain portion from the provincial capital pool)，按照各省份职工平均工资的90%和在职应参保人数作为计算上解额的基数，上解比例从3%起步，逐步提高。

二是中央调剂基金实行以收定支(distribution of the adjustment fund will be based on scale of the capital pool)，当年筹集的资金按照人均定额拨付的办法全部拨付地方。

三是中央调剂基金纳入中央级社会保障基金财政专户(the adjustment fund is managed by a special account of the central social security fund)，实行收支两条线管理，专款专用，不得用于平衡财政预算。

四是现行中央财政补助政策和补助方式不变(the central government will continue supporting local governments in pension distributions)，省级政府要切实承担确保基本养老金按时足额发放和弥补养老保险基金缺口的主体责任。

【相关词汇】

商业保险 commercial insurance

养老保险 endowment insurance

社会保障体系 social security system

社会安全网 a net for social security

养老金投资 pension funds investment

居家养老服务 home-based elderly care services

【篇三：朝美领导人首次会晤】

6月12日，美国总统特朗普与朝鲜最高领导人金正恩在新加坡圣淘沙岛上的嘉佩乐酒店举行首次会晤。

It is the first-ever meeting between a DPRK leader and a sitting US president.

这是有史以来朝鲜领导人与美国在任总统的首次会晤。

They shook hands and held a 40-minute one-on-one meeting, before proceeding to an expanded meeting and a working lunch with their aides.

两人握手之后进行了40分钟的单独会晤，随后与各自的助理人员一起进行了大范围会谈，并共进工作午餐。

The US leader described the one-on-one session as "very, very good." During the face-to-face talks, Trump said he had an "excellent relationship" with Kim.

特朗普表示单独会晤“非常非常好”，期间，他还称与金正恩“关系很好”。

The DPRK leader said he and Trump came here after overcoming "all the obstacles" such as old prejudice and practices that had stood in their way forward.

金正恩表示，过去的偏见和惯例是阻碍两国之间实现会晤的障碍，双方克服了“各种障碍”才走到今天。

Predicting a tremendous success of the summit with the DPRK leader, Trump said that it was "an honor" to meet face-to-face with Kim and that he would have "a terrific relationship" with the DPRK leader.

特朗普预言此次会晤会很成功，他表示，很荣幸能够与金正恩进行面对面会晤，他会跟朝鲜领导人有“特别好的关系”。

"Working together, we will get it taken care of," Trump said at the beginning of expanded discussions, forecasting that he and Kim will solve "a big problem and a big dilemma."

在大范围会谈开始时，特朗普表示：“我们会一起努力解决问题”，并预言他和金正恩会解决“重大问题和主要困境”。

Kim said he will "cooperate with President Trump to resolve the challenges ahead" and to overcome the skepticism and speculations about their summit.

金正恩表示，他会“与特朗普总统合作解决即将到来的挑战”，并应对关于此次会晤的质疑和猜测。

工作午餐之后，双方领导人签署了一份协议。

Trump and Kim signed a document on Tuesday afternoon, a document that Trump described as "very important" and "very comprehensive”.

当日下午，特朗普和金正恩签署了一份协议，特朗普称这份协议“非常重要、非常全面”。

Kim declares "world will see a major change" and he and Trump "decided to leave the past behind" as they sign document.

签署协议时，金正恩表示，“全世界将会看到巨大的变化”，并表示，他和特朗普“决定放下过去。”

A joint statement signed by Trump and Kim. [Photo/Agencies]

双方在协议中做出如下声明：

1. The United States and the DPRK commit to establish new US-DPRK relations in accordance with the desire of the peoples of the two countries for peace and prosperity.

依照朝鲜和美国两国人民对和平和繁荣的期望，美国与朝鲜人民民主主义共和国将建立新型朝美关系。

2. The United States and the DPRK will join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.

美国与朝鲜人民民主主义共和国将会共同努力为朝鲜半岛带来长久和稳定的和平。

3. Reaffirming the April 27, 2018 Panmunjom Declaration, the DPRK commits to work towards complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

重申4月27日在板门店非军事区的协定，朝鲜承诺继续进行完成朝鲜半岛无核化的进程。

4. The United States and the DPRK commit to recovering POW/MIA remains, including the immediate repatriation of those already identified.

朝鲜和美国承诺找回战俘/失踪人口(POW/MIA)遗体，包括立刻送返已经确认身份的遗体。

6月12日中午，国务委员兼外交部长王毅对记者表示，全世界高度关注正在新加坡举行的朝美领导人会晤。

两国相互对立甚至敌对半个多世纪，今天，两国的最高领导人能够坐在一起，进行平等对话，这本身就具有重大和积极的意义，就是在创造新的历史(It is important and positive for the top leaders of the two countries to sit down and conduct equal talks , which is creating a new history)。中方对此当然欢迎和支持，因为这是中方一直期待和努力的目标。

我们希望朝美领导人排除干扰，建立互信，克服困难，就推进和实现半岛无核化、推进并建立半岛和平机制达成基本共识，迈出实质性步伐(result in substantive steps toward denuclearization and the establishment of a peace mechanism on the Korean Peninsula)。

王毅希望有关各方都能为此做出努力，强调中方也将继续发挥建设性作用(China will continue to play a constructive role in this regard)。

【篇四：气候变化高举环保大旗】

►China is using climate policy to push through domestic reforms.中国以环境政策推动国内改革能够填补日常复习中所缺乏的一些专业词汇以及背景知识，

●WHEN world leaders gathered in Paris to discuss cutting planet-heating emissions, a pall of smog hung over Beijing. In parts of the capital levels of fine particulate matter reached 30 times the limit deemed safe. Though air pollution and climate change are different things, Chinese citydwellers think of them in the same, poisoned breath. The murky skies seemed irreconcilable with the bright intentions promised in France.

当各国领导人齐聚巴黎讨论有关减少温室气体排放的问题，北京被厚厚的雾霾笼罩。在首都的某些地方，大气细颗粒物的含量达到了最低安全指标的30倍。尽管空气污染和气候变化不是一件事，但生活在城市的中国居民认为他们都会在我们呼吸的过程中毒害我们的健康。灰蒙蒙的天空似乎和领导人在法国所承诺的美好意愿不太相符。

●Yet a marked change has taken place in China’s official thinking. Where once China viewed international climate talks as a conspiracy to constrain its economy, it now sees a global agreement as helpful to its own development.

然而中国官员的思维模式开始有了显著的变化。曾经中国认为国际气候谈判是一场阻碍其发展的鸿门宴，现在中国领导人将全球气候协议看成是有助其发展的一种推动。

●China accounts for two-thirds of the world’s increase in the carbon dioxide emitted since 2000. It has come a long way in recognising the problem. When China first joined international climate talks, the environment was just a minor branch of foreign policy. The ministry for environmental protection had no policymaking powers until 2008. Only in 2012 did public pressure force cities to publish air-pollution data.

自2000年以来，全球三分之二二氧化碳排放量的增长量都来自中国。而中国在很长一段时间后才开始正视这个问题。当中国第一次参加国际气候谈判时，环境问题仅仅只是其外交政策的一个小分支。环境保护部在2008年以前都没有制定政策的权利。而出于公众*的压力，各市政府在2012年才公布了空气污染数据。

●Yet today China pledges to cap carbon emissions by 2030 (reversing its former position that, as a developing power, it should not be bound to an absolute reduction); and it says it will cut its carbon intensity (that is, emissions per unit of GDP) by a fifth, as well as increase by the same amount the electricity generated from sources other than fossil fuels. The latest five-year plan, a blueprint for the Communist Party’s intentions that was unveiled last month, contains clear policy prescriptions for making economic development more environmentally friendly.

但是中国决定在2030年前控制碳排放(该决定与中国过往的立场完全不同，中国之前的立场是作为发展中国家的中国不应该被规定做出绝对数目的减排目标)，宣布大幅减少碳浓度(即每单位GDP的排放量)达五分之一，同时中国将增加五分之一用除化石燃料以外的清洁能源来发电的电量。在上个月最新出炉的五年计划包含着共产党对中国未来的规划，其中明确包含促使经济更环保发展的政策。

►There’s more 更多内容

●Right after the Paris summit, however it ends, China is expected to make more promises in a new document, co-written by international experts, that presents a far-reaching programme of how China should clean up its act. It is based on models that account for both economic and political viability. On top of existing plans, such as launching a national emissions-trading scheme in 2017, the government may even outline proposals for a carbon tax, something that has eluded many prosperous countries in the West.

不管过程如何，各国在巴黎峰会上通过了一份由各国专家共同撰写的文件，其中要求中国在环境问题上给出更多的承诺，同时该文件中还有一个计划长远的项目用以指导中国该如何规范其行为。该文件是基于那些给出经济可行性和政治可行性的模型。在现存计划之外，如2017年开始运行的全国碳排放交易系统，中国政府甚至开始拟定征收碳排放税，而在许多发达的西方国家，这都是一件避而不谈的事。

●The big question is why China is now so serious about climate change. The answer is not that Communist leaders are newly converted econuts. Rather, they want to use environmental concerns to rally domestic support for difficult reforms that would sustain growth in the coming decades. Since a global slowdown in 2008 it has become clear that to continue growing, China must move its economy away from construction and energy-intensive industry towards services. At the same time, China faces an energy crunch. For instance, in recent years China has been a net importer of coal, which generates two-thirds of China’s electricity. It all argues for growth plans that involve less carbon.

问题是中国为什么现在对气候变化如此重视?答案不是因为共产党领导人向环境保护论低头。相反，中国领导人希望用环境问题来召集国内支持，增援改革瓶颈，维持接下来几十年的经济增长。自2008年全球经济增长放缓以来，中国领导人开始明白，要实现经济的持续增长，中国经济需要摆脱建筑业密集型和能源密集型的特点，转向服务集中型经济。与此同时，中国面临能源枯竭问题。举个例子，近几年中国是煤炭净进口国，而煤炭发电量占中国总发电量的三分之二。这些都让低碳经济增长计划成为讨论热点。

●This is where signing international accords, such as the one hoped for in Paris, come in, for they will help the government fight entrenched interests at home. Observers see a parallel with China’s joining the World Trade Organisation in 2001. It allowed leaders to push through internal economic reform against fierce domestic opposition. In the same way, a global climate treaty should help it take tough measures for restructuring the economy.

正如巴黎气候大会所预设达成的协议一样，签署这些国际协议能够让各国政府更有利地对抗国内根深蒂固的利益集团。有分析人士认为中国2001年加入世贸组织的行为也同样有着这一目的。此举让中国领导人能够在强烈的国内反对声音中继续推动内部经济改革。同样，全球性的气候条约能够使得一些重构经济的硬措施成为可能。

●It will not be easy. Provincial party bosses and state-owned enterprises hate to shut factories, particularly in those parts of the country, such as Shanxi and Inner Mongolia in the north, where coal is a big employer. Cutting demand for energy is even harder. Even if the amount of electricity used by state industry falls, that used by private firms and households is bound to increase. What is more, environmental regulations and laws laid down by the centre are routinely flouted.

但是这不会是件简单的事。各省级政府以及各个国企领导不希望关闭工厂，特别是像山西和内蒙古这些以煤矿业提供工作岗位的北方省份。降低能源需求就更苦难了。即使国有产业的用电量下降了，民用和私营企业的用电量一定都会上升。另外，由中央政府制定有关环境的法律法规常常遭到各地政府的无视。

●But cleaning up China’s act has, for the central government, become a political necessity too. Environmental issues have been major public concerns for over a decade, says Anthony Saich of Harvard University, which has conducted polls. True, rural people fret most (and with good reason) about water pollution. But those in the cities gripe about their toxic air. Both represent a reproach to the government over its neglect of people’s lives and health.

但对于中央政府来说，变更中国的行为模式也开始有了政治必要性。哈佛大学的安东尼·塞挈进行了一项投票调查，称环境问题在过去十年中变成了公众关心的一大问题。事情确实是这样的，比如农村居民最担心的是水污染问题(这个担心也是非常合理的)。但那些居住在城市的人抱怨空气中的毒害成分。这两种人都表达了对政府忽略人民生命健康的斥责。

●That is why national economic goals, political goals, public opinion and international pressure all point towards trying to cut emissions, pollutants included. In particular, says Zhang Zhongxiang of Tianjin University, now that dealing with climate change is a pillar of China’s diplomacy, the government must show it can keep its promises. It has some tools at its disposal. Across the country, the environmental record of government officials has become a crucial part of their evaluation by the Communist Party; and cadres will be held accountable for their actions even after leaving their position. Several provinces have already punished officials for environmental accidents and for not enforcing environmental laws.

这也是为什么国家的经济目标、政治期望、民众意见以及国际压力都将矛头指向了减少某些污染物在内的排放量。就像天津大学的张忠祥所说的一样，现在气候变化问题成为中国外交的重点之一，政府必须要拿出遵守承诺的行动。中国有着其自身可用的方法处理环境问题。环境行政档案成为了共产党评定一个政府官员的重要依据，各级政府官员即使在离职后依然要对其在职时所作的决策负责。某些省份已经因为出现有关环境问题的事故或者没有依环境法行政等问题对一些官员进行了惩处。

►Fifty shades of grey 五十度灰

●But there are obstacles to real change. The electricity grid and national power market are ill-equipped to increase renewable generation by much. Corruption in industrial procurement remains widespread, which does nothing to promote long-term efficiency or reductions in emissions. Competing incentives are also in play: earlier this year, the authorities forced a big Chinese investment company to buy back shares it had sold in old-fashioned industrial fields, for fear that it might depress share prices (which crashed anyway in a more general stockmarket meltdown). The government will not trust market mechanisms alone, says Yang Fuqiang of the Natural Resources Defense Council, an activist group.

但想要真正做到改变，前面还有一些拦路虎。国家电网和国家能源市场对于新能源大量涌入没有足够的准备。行业采购中的*行为依然泛滥，这对于提高长期效率以及减少排放没有好处。竞争激励依然起作用：今年早些时候，一家大型中国投资公司在旧工业领域出售了许多股份，但有关部门因为担心抛售会使股份价格贬值(虽然其股价在股市暴跌情况下依然跌至低谷)，于是强制要求其购回相应股份。*团体自然资源保护委员会的杨富强称，政府不会把宝都压在市场机制上的。

●Nor are leaders yet pushing for change on all fronts. For instance, government efforts to cut emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are greater than for many other greenhouse gases. Scarce and polluted water, one of China’s most severe environmental challenges, is almost entirely beyond the scope of the current raft of reforms. And China refuses to publish its estimate of the environmental toll of economic growth.

但政府也没有在每个方面都推进改革。例如政府对于减少二氧化碳和氮氧化物所采取行动明显大于其他温室气体。稀缺且日益受到污染的水资源是中国最严重的环境威胁之一，但却几乎没有没能在这一轮改革的方案之中看到相关措施。而且中国政府拒绝透露经济增长所带来的环境破坏预估值。

●Sceptics scoff that China’s promises in Paris are irrelevant because emissions will probably peak regardless, long before the promised 2030. Nor has the government said how high that top might be. Yet the sceptics underestimate the importance of an international agreement for China and beyond. Like other countries, China has to date followed a pattern of “grow first, clean up later”. Yet very quickly it has recognised the dangers and drawbacks of such a policy and has been pouring money into clean energy and other innovations it hopes will provide green growth. In that, it may prove a model for other fast-developing countries. That might signal a small patch of blue sky.

持怀疑态度的人嘲弄称中国在巴黎气候大会上的承诺根本毫无意义，因为远在2030年前，全球温室气体排放量不论如何都会达到最大。尽管没有政府预计过这个最大的具体数值是多少，但这些人都低估了国际协议对于现在和以后的中国的重要性。和其他国家一样，中国曾经采用“先污染后治理”的模式。但是很快中国政府就意识到了其中的危害和缺点，并投入大量资金建设清洁能源和其他有助于绿色增长模式的研发。因此，中国或许能够成为其他高速发展国家的可模仿的例子。这可能标志着天空那一抹蔚蓝色出现。

【篇五：火山爆发】

火山爆发 volcano eruptions

Consulate General of China in Los Angeles issued an alert message Saturday morning, warning Chinese citizens not to stay in dangerous zones in Hawaii"s Big Island, which has been suffering strong volcano eruptions and earthquakes since Thursday.

中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆5日晨发布通告，提醒中国公民避免进入自3日以来受火山喷发和地震影响的高危险区域(大岛)。

据美国地质勘探局地震信息网消息，夏威夷群岛的最大岛屿比格艾兰岛(Big Island“大岛”)当地时间4日中午发生6.9级地震，震中邻近正处于喷发状态的基拉韦火山(the Kilauea Volcano)。当地政府启动应急响应机制，疏散周围居民，火山所在的夏威夷火山国家公园(the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park)已部分关闭。

中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆在通告中提醒中国公民，关注火山活动情况，遵从当地政府部门指引(follow the directions of the local government)，避免进入高危险区域。

据夏威夷州当地应急部门通告，对人们健康最大的威胁来自火山喷发后飘落的灰烬和地质活动在地表形成裂缝后排出的有毒气体(toxic gas)。

The Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory said eight vents, each several hundred meters long, opened in the neighborhood since Thursday. By late Saturday, the fissures had quieted down and were only releasing steam and gas.

夏威夷火山观测站表示，自3日以来，周边共有8个长达数百米的裂缝，到5日下午，裂缝暂时处于平静状态，只释放出一些蒸汽和气体。

Authorities cautioned sulfuric gas pouring out of the vents posed dangers, particularly to elderly and people with respiratory problems.

当地政府警告称，裂缝中释放出的含硫气体会有潜在危害，对老年人以及有呼吸道疾病的人群尤其有害。

本文来源：http://www.scabjd.com/xueli/166971/