GRE阅读思路的范文汇总五篇

更新时间:2023-11-28 来源:GRE 点击:

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工作总结(Job Summary/Work Summary),以年终总结、半年总结和季度总结最为常见和多用。下面是小编精心整理的GRE阅读思路的范文汇总五篇,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

【篇1】GRE阅读思路的

请牢记以下几点:

a)有行数提示的要在提示行的前后几行找答案;

b)排除偏激或绝对选项,它们常含有must,the first,the best,only,each, every,all, totally, always等字眼;而选择带有may,can,some,many,sometimes,aften等字眼的选项时,正确的机率会大得多;

c)排除直接重复原文的选项,ETS的答案几乎都是对原文的重新解释;

d)正确的选项一般不会与公理常识相违背;

e)遇到有“LEAST”、“EXCEPT”或“NOT”等字的题时需格外小心,许多人都在此翻船;

f)以上ac项所指类型的题目应留到最后做,用排除法解决。

GRE阅读:难句难词如何理解

NO8-1,我们从“词--句--篇章”来谈谈这篇文章。

原文:

Geolists have long known that the Earth‘s mantle is heter.eneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heter.eneous? The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geol.ists contend, is the upper mantle.Some geol.ists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heter.eneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, accordingto the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.

一、难词

spatial: a.1.空间的,太空的;2.存在(或者发生)于宇宙空间的

plume: n.1.羽状物2.柱,地柱

xenolith:俘虏岩

percolate:v.1.渗透2.扩散到,弥漫于

portions: n.一部分

二、难句

1.the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands,islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system, whose source,mostgeol.ists contend,is the upper mantle.

对于地幔分层论点来说,最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实,即在那些海洋岛屿——这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantle plume)——上发现的火山岩石,是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的,而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因,大多数地质学家论辩道,为上部地幔。

GRE阅读:长难句的分类

1、长成分

1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

a、主语从句

b、宾语从句

2)长状语

3)层层修饰

4)并列成分

2、常见倒装搭配

(1)及物动词加介词:固定词组的固定搭配中,经常出现倒装情况,如:bring A to B,写作:bring to B A

例:Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to oneof the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

类似的情况:throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as等

(2)及物动词加副词

例:make possible …(单词或者句子)

3、省略的几种情况

(1)重复的成分

(2)让步转折的省略:如although (but)

(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )

(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略,变成后置定语

如:qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

4、短语被分割

如:such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

5、多重否定

如:Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between rec.nizable classes cannot belegitimately observed.

6、难句分析举例

Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business.

[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing…,另一个是(which was)detached…

可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

【篇2】GRE阅读思路的

GRE阅读没思路该怎么解题

GRE阅读提高技巧1:保持好奇心

在GRE阅读平时的练习中,想必大家都会经常读到一些晦涩难懂的概念,这个时候,不同的态度就会对之后的学习产生一些影响。比较积极的思考方式是“真有意思啊,我又了解到某些东西”。虽然事实上你可能一辈子也不会再读到这些文章,去了美国你也只会读关于你专业的学术文章,但GRE为你提供了一个平台,让你去涉猎更多的领域。当你读到美国宪法修正案、美国黑人奴隶斗争史、女性作家时试着让自己置身于这样一个年代,你会发现自己更投入。而在这一过程中,你的知识面也得到了开拓,有时候还会学到一些新的词汇和其他内容,无形之中便提升了自己的英语阅读水平和知识积累。

GRE阅读提高技巧2:记录新概念/事件/人物

GRE阅读的pre-knowledge到底有没有用?对于这点,很多老师和学生的看法都不太相同,考虑到GRE阅读有两个难点:句子晦涩难懂和做题时间非常有限,一遍必须读懂,

如果你事先对某一概念了解了,那么pre-knowledge绝对可以帮你化险为夷。但是不要把自己的观点过多的带入到文章,这样会影响你的理解。而当你在阅读的时候读到了自己不熟悉的概念,可以Notebook或者Word等随时记下感兴趣或者不知道想要查阅的东西,或是直接上GOOGLE搜索一下相关概念,对于以后的阅读积累也是很有帮助的。

GRE阅读提高技巧3:主动去阅读

这是一个再强调也不过分的习惯。做GRE阅读练习时,积极的心态十分必要,也就是主动去读,消极被动的阅读态度和习惯会让你读完一篇文章根本不知道讲了什么,无形中便降低了学习效率。而主动读文章最好的方法就是PEAR法。这个不是梨的意思,而是四点首字母的集合:

1. Pause,读完每个段落停下来;

2. Evaluate,总结大意,思考此段落的作用;

3. Anticipate,预期下一段会讲什么;

4. Reassess,读完下一段再对第二步的evaluate进行评估。

读下一段接着继续PEAR直到全文读完,Reassess全文并清晰了解全文的行文方式和逻辑构思。

GRE阅读提高技巧4:Passage Map

读完文章用10-15秒在脑子里画一下这个文章的Map,行文方式,每一段讲了什么,作者态度。这是最重要的10到15秒,很多考生忽视了这10到15秒直接跳去做题,这样你不但对整篇文章做不到心中有数,更会造成读了后面忘了前面。

你在每一次读完一篇GRE文章,都需要在脑子里形成一个Passage Map,这是非常重要的。

GRE阅读:要多了解外国知识

网上都说平时要多看什么economist什么的,试问有几个人会真正为了GRE去看?我的建议就是,大家可以抽一点时间,利用相关资料(比如 wikipedia),多去了解一下GRE社科类阅读爱考的知识。以往年经验来看,GRE社科类阅读非常喜欢考黑人文学Black literature,黑人音乐Black music(尤其是Jazz),妇女(包括妇女地位的改变,妇女文学),艺术类包括impressionist、modernist等。

像那种长阅读,说的好像是什么impressionist(印象派)和modernist(现实主义)的东东。由于对这方面毫无了解,所以读这篇文章毫无感觉。我不是要大家去补习美国文化的知识,这工程量太大。

另外,GRE考试阅读务必多留意一下上述知识的代表人物!比如Ragtime就是Jazz的代表人物及一种风格。并不是要求大家知道这个人物做了什么,只需要混个眼熟,考试的时候万一碰到一大串人名,能对其中一两个有点眼熟,能大概猜测出来是关于什么的就行!等到时候文章做得比较熟了,那时往往你自己也大概了解了社科类的阅读喜欢考哪些领域了。

GRE阅读:长文章如何攻克

1、读原文 GRE阅读的基本做题方法,就是先读原文再看题目,看过题目后再根据题目定位回原文,所以读原文是做一篇阅读的第一步。有些读者已经养成了先读题目再看原文的阅读习惯,其实,做题的顺序要因阅读特点和出题方式而异,GRE阅读题目的出题顺序和原文几乎没有任何联系,也就是说第一道题可能考了原文的末尾,而最后一道题可能考的是原文的开始,故先读题目再读原文对做题没有任何帮助,反而有可能扰乱读者理解原文内在的逻辑结构。

2、读原文的同时对重点、考点做标记 做标记是指在读文章的时候用简单的符号记录所读重点内容,这应该和读文章同步进行,标记可以轻轻做在试卷边缘,也可以另外写在草稿纸上。所标记的主要目的是为了读完选项之后能快速、准确的定位,这个步骤要求读者熟悉常考考点,对应做标记的内容烂熟于胸,这样才能不费时间的给自己下一步的定位作准标记。

3、读题干、选项 读题干的过程也是个找题干特征的过程,看看题干所述和自己所做标记的内容有没有联系,如果有,则可以直接定位,故定位最主要的基础是题干与标记之间的联系。有时候题干可能没有可以捕捉的特征,这时读者不妨从选项下手,选项中也时常会有明显的特征反映出它与原文中的重点内容之间的相关性。

4、定位 定位指的是确定练习题针对原文中什么位置的内容发问,通常通过题干和选项的特征词来找,判断了原文所述的位置之后,就可以找原文和答案之间的对应关系了,绝大多数题目都可以通过找题干和选项的特征词准确的定位到原文某处。

5、(排除干扰选项后)按文字对应原则选答案 GRE考试的备选答案都是五个,通常很少有练习题能让读者非常直接的判断出正确答案,总有1-2个迷惑性比较大的选项,所以,考生不妨先竖读各选相,排除一些明显错误的选项,然后再对剩下的进行细致的比较,通过原文和选项之间的文字对应关系,进行选择。

【篇3】GRE阅读思路的

GRE阅读主旨推论2大题型解题思路分析

什么是GRE阅读中的律师思维方式?

所谓律师思维方式(think like a lawyer),其实主要是指律师在法庭上的常用语言技巧。看过一些法庭对峙辩论美剧或者电影场景的同学都知道,律师在法庭上是很少会做出一些比较绝对的发言的,更多情况下都会选择一些模糊委婉或者模棱两可留下一定余地的表达方式。而这种表达方式,其实在GRE阅读选项中也是比较常见的。就如同常有说的绝对性的表述往往是错误的,GRE阅读中正确选项常是同样具备律师思维方式的选项。假如考生能够掌握这种思维方式,那么在进行选项排除时就能很好地提升效率找到正确答案。

实例讲解律师思维方式对GRE阅读解题的作用

为了帮助大家理解所谓的律师思维方式,下面小编就结合一道阅读题的选项实例来为大家做具体解析:

The passage implies that:

(A) the Monteverde area may be home to toad or frog species that have not yet been noted by researchers

(B) the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve was not large enough to protect the golden toad

(C) only Costa Rican amphibians living near Monteverde have disappeared since the 1980s

(D) if amphibians did not have permeable skin, then they could not act as biological harbingers

(E) more than one third of the world’s amphibian species have become extinct

这道题目小编不给出原文,只看选项来进行分析:

选项A,大家首先可以看到may be这个词,这个词就是很有律师思维的词汇,代表可能性,并非绝对的推论,这样的选项是正确选项的可能性很高,先保留下来。

选项B,这个选项没有任何婉转余地,就是直愣愣地帅出了一个结论,这样的选项如果能找到对应原文还好,但大部分情况下是错误选项的概率很高。如果按照律师思维来讲,表述成may not have been large enough或者its small size was likely a factor才是比较常见的表达方式。所以这个选项有很大几率是错误选项。

选项C,看到only小编觉得就没太大必要看下去了,这种用词太过绝对,就好比不加掩饰地说自己是个错误选项,不用细看,大概率就是个错误选项。

选项D,双重否定等于肯定,而且本身还只是个假设,小编原样造个句子大家体会一下,If I didn’t teach the GRE, I could not have written articles.这种话绝对不可能从一名合格的律师嘴里说出来,太不留余地了,大家请记住一点,绝对性的假设基本不可能是正确选项。

选项E,这个选项和选项B类似,也是一个毫无掩饰直接给出的结论,而且带着数据还显得特别详细。那么错误原因也就相当明显了,按照律师思维比较合理的表述应该是perhaps as much as one third或者some scientists theorize that it could be more than a third这样的表达。

而这篇阅读最后的正确答案也正是选项A。

为什么这种解题思路更适用于主旨题和推论题?

原因很简单,因为这些题目在原文中很多时候并不是直接给出答案的,而是需要考生结合自己对文章的思考和理解才能得出正确结论,所以这类题目的选项就会出现很多思考上的漏洞和陷阱,大家如果对文章本身没有充分理解或是出现以偏概全等错误理解,那么面对这类题目就很容易出现错误了。相反如果是细节题这样比较直接的题目,那么考生就不需要使用律师思维的解题思路了,直接从原文中找到对应答案即可。

GRE长难句技巧之分词结构倒装

分词结构倒装在上一期中,我们重点谈到了倒装现象中的介词结构倒装。因为介词的存在导致修饰成分放到了被修饰成分之后,使得语序与中文相反,增加了句子的阅读难度。今天,将为大家介绍另外一种常见的倒装现象——分词结构倒装。

“坐在椅子上的姑娘”翻译成英文是“a girl sitting on the chair”,我们将“sitting on thechair”称为现在分词结构,修饰前面的“a girl”。在英文中,不可能出现“a sitting on the chair girl”这样的表达。此外,“一个对政治感兴趣的男孩”翻译成英文就是“a boy interested in politics”,我们将“interested inpolitics”称为过去分词结构,修饰前面的“a boy”。

以上这两种情况我们统称为分词结构倒装。值得注意的是,传统语法教学会将不定式、现在分词和过去分词统称为非谓语动词,并强调这三个非谓语动词分别代表着将来、现在和过去三种时态。但是,在GRE考试中,考生唯一需要关注的是非谓语动词的修饰功能,且这种修饰顺序与中文的顺序相反,因此在翻译时,找到这种结构,从后往前翻译。

真题例句:

1. The1950s saw a growing number of women 1[engaged in farm labor].

【解析】

(1)分词结构倒装。engaged in farm labor过去分词修饰women。

【翻译】

20世纪50年代见证了越来越多从事与农业劳动的女性。

2. Sleep stabilizes declarative memories from future interference 1[caused by mental activity 2[during wakefulness]].

【解析】

(1)分词结构倒装。caused by修饰interference。

(2)介词结构倒装。during wakefulness修饰mental activity。

【翻译】

睡眠加固陈述性记忆使之免受未来的由醒着时候的精神活动所产生的干扰。

挑战自己:

Thehydrologic cycle is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes,1[beginning as atmospheric water vapor], 2[passing intoliquid and solid form as precipitation], and finally again 3[returningto the form of atmospheric water vapor].

【提示】

理解本句话的难点在于through which引导的定语从句中,主语是water,谓语是passes,这便是整个定语从句的主干,至于句子里标识的三个分词结构倒装则都是用来修饰water的后置定语。这个定语从句因为water的修成成分过长,为了保持句子结构的平衡,将谓语提前,修饰成分统统挪到了最后。搞清楚这个,各位同学是不是就能很清楚地翻译本句了呢?

GRE长难句解析:资本和企业

Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business.

[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing…,另一个是(which was)detached…。

可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

GRE

【篇4】GRE阅读思路的

GRE阅读难点解题思路精讲

1.中心思想题

所谓中心思想题,是GRE考试当中唯一具有主观思想的考题。主要考察的是考生对于文章的大概意思还有考生对文章总体结构的把握能力。因为GRE考试的范围涉及范围很广,几乎包括了考古,生物,文学和社会科学等等几个比较大的科目。所以针对这样的题型,几乎是对所描述的客观事物的记录以及内容的记叙,不会涉及作者自己的态度以及观点。

根据文章的主要特征,GRE阅读包含两种写作方式:记叙文以及议论文。记叙文是对文章中所涉及到的某类人物或者现象的描述,是对客观存在的事物进行的纪录以及描述。其文章的逻辑发展主要是通过时间顺序或者是空间顺序进行的。相比之下,议论文是通过对文章中的某种客观的事物或者观点表达的看法。

2.列举题

列举,顾名思义,就是通过对文章中符合考题的几个例子进行列举,以获得正确的选项。列举题的形式包括以下两种:第一种是对文章中没有提及到的例子进行列举。考察的方式是通过询问考生选项中没有被提及的例子,进行排除,考生可以定位原文,然后选出正确的答案;第二种,选择文章中提及到的事例。总之,列举题在文章中出现的几率会很大,通常一篇文章会出现一道题目。

3.复述题

针对于复述题,是GRE阅读中最为简单的考题,只要考生可以根据题目要求回归定位原文,那么针对此类的题目,考生及可以迎刃而解了。回答这种题型的技巧是,考生可以分析选项中是否有通过原文改写而成的句子,改写形式包括形容词与副词之间的改写,动词与动名词之间等等,这就靠看考生对于文章句子的定位了。

一般说来,复述题都会很明确的指引你,或者是给予考生很直接的定位线索,如“在文章中的第几行”或者是告诉考生与文章结构密切相连的词或短语。这样考生就可以进行快速的定位。

4.逻辑题

这里所提及的逻辑题型与GRE逻辑稍有区别,阅读题中出现的逻辑一般都比较简单。通过文中给出的逻辑关系,推导出符合这些逻辑关系的选项,这类题目一般设置的都不会太难。

5.作者思路题

这类考题和中心思想题有很大的区别但是也有一定的联系。首先中心思想题型是考察考生对文章意思的理解能力,而作者思路题则是考察考生对于文章结构的掌握。这些构成了文章的主要脉络。如果考生对文化的中心思想可以很好地掌握的话,那么相应的作者思路的题型就可以变得很容易。

6.暗示推理题

其实这类题目介于细节信息和中心思想题目之间,所以考生并不是能很好地界定。但是考生也不一定非要对考题的分类进行界定,GRE阅读的分类也仅仅是为了帮助考生对考试的题型有一个大致的了解。如果你碰到一个考题,虽然能够很快地定位,但是却不是很快地进行选择,那么这道考题就是所谓的暗示推理题。

GRE阅读:长难句分析

As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)

随着我的研究不断深入,我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻,而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠,虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、省略

解释:本句子的中间一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看晕,其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由两个and连接了三个部分,然而它们其实不是同一层次的并列,第一个and实际上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分,是并列的,而and之后的less so with其实是对于一个完整的表达方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式,去掉了与前面重复的成分。

后面修饰的structural differences的定语从句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中,又出现了一个别扭的插入语at first glance,把应该连在一起的seem to 粗暴地分开,令人不熟悉此类难句的人倍感不适。

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)

虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状,但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的,而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨,会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

难句类型:复杂修饰

解释:本句从句子的结构上来讲,惟一的难度在于and之后的句子的主语talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太长,以至于看到谓语circumvent的时候已经搞不清楚主谓了。更大的难度恐怕还在于对两个词汇的理解circumvent和enterprise。我们以前所背过的circumvent有两个词义,一个是规避,一是以计谋战胜,但是这两种意思放到此处都显然不通;其实circumvent有一个我们没有背过的最常用的意思是包围、限制或陷害;至于enterprise常用的意思是企业,这里的指事业。

意群训练:Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much ofthe fictional enterprise.

应对GRE阅读的策略

1.“做题速度慢”的解决方案

多数考生做题速度慢的原因都是一样的,就是花在读原文上的时间太长了。GRE阅读的原文通常又长又难,如果要读懂原文然后凭借印象来做题是需要考生有非常深厚的英文功底的,而这种功底我们绝大多数考生都不具备,所以我们只能用考完题干再定位回原文读懂某个具体的句子来做题。

那么,我们在遇到一篇新的阅读时先读一遍原文是要达到什么目的呢?

1)做对主旨题和作者态度题;2)关注、标记一些常考考点为定位所用。

故读原文后能达到这两个要求就足够了,如果除达到这两个要求之外又多读了句子,或在某些句子、某些词上多逗留了时间,都是致使做题速度慢花的无用功。

我们在这里先给出一些可以略读的固定内容,大家不妨花一点时间记一下这些非常不重要的东西,以便今后不用在它们上面浪费更多时间。

I 已知大意的具体叙述可以略读,重复、进一步的解释、反之亦然的叙述部分可以略读。

II 目的已知,具体内容可以略读,就是知道了叙述目的,可以略读其内容。

III 作者将要或者已经摒弃的论据、论证可以略读,这样的观点一般都是为后面作者支持的观点做铺垫。

VI一句话的重心如果在后面,前面的可以略读。

2.“读完原文没有任何印象”的解决方案

我的观点是,记不住还有一个原因就是想记住的太多了,每句话都一样的去读,一样的去记,其结果就是都没记住,都和没读似的。不妨试着先只挑自己觉得最重要的话来记,比如TS(Topic Sentence),每段首句、一些重要考点……其余的没有余力先放过去,体会一下记住这些句子对做题和定位是不是比以前全文都努力记效果要好一点。下一步就是反过来推,根据你做过的题目来推原文应该记住什么,或者什么你记住了但是没用,经常小结一下需要记的东西,其实GRE阅读应该记忆和值得记忆的东西非常有规律,很好总结的。长此以往,就可以形成读原文和记忆的重点了。一个很简单的道理,你有10分力,如果花到10个点上,每个只有1分,如果只花到3个点上,每个都能有3.333333的力,自然对这3个点理解更深,记忆更清晰,把握的更好了。

最后,我想推荐一些文章,读者可以试着快速的读并分析一下这些文章,看看他们什么地方值得关注,什么地方应该略读,详略得当读原文需要不断的练习和总结,方能达到炉火纯青的境界:92年2月GRE考试题section6长,GRE No.8第三套section5短,GRE No.6第三套section2长,1994年10月GRE考试题section6短。

【篇5】GRE阅读思路的

GRE阅读思路的归纳

新GRE阅读思路分析,主要要说说GRE阅读逻辑题,对于GRE阅读有一种题型,诸如说“下列哪项可以支持原文观点?”相信同学们的第一反应就是找原文的结论,再看哪个选项支持结论。其实这样的题目未必是要这么做,下面为大家进行GRE阅读思路讲解,帮助大家应对新GRE阅读逻辑难题。

上述问题利用找原文这个思维就太狭隘了,因为支持条件、结论和推理过程都是对原文观点的支持,这点思维大家要建立起来。用一个例子给大家分析巩固下这个思维,具体题目和文章就不引述了,考生可以看看N0.6第二套section 1的长文章,讲的浮游植物和浮游动物之间关系。

文中有这样一个推理,由“出现了高密度浮游植物的地区,浮游动物就少”推出了“浮游植物分泌排斥剂,把动物赶跑了”,后面有题问到如何削弱(weaken)此结论,我们直接看看正确答案(B)“动物排斥和植物种群密度是无关的”。言下之意就是把推理过程推翻了,条件是推不出结论的。我们来看看,如何推翻条件,“在某些地区,出现了高密度浮游植物,但浮游动物并没有减少”。

这就削弱了条件。再看看如何削弱结论,“试验中,将植物体内的排斥物质放在正在培养着浮游动物的容器中,并不能使浮游动物的数量减少”结论就削弱了。

所以考生们在做完一个gre阅读逻辑题以后,不要满足于答案,要多想想到底是支持或削弱了条件,结论还是推理过程。当把这种思维变成自己思维一部分的时候,自然可以应对自如。

GRE阅读真题:草原上的大型哺乳动物

SECTION A

The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.

The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.

The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, innerdirected, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.

17. The author is primarily concerned with

(A) disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivores

(B) describing a relationship between animals’ intelligence and their ecological roles

(C) establishing a direct link between early large mammals and their modern counterparts

(D) analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores(B)

(E) demonstrating the importance of hormones in mental activity

18. The author refers to a hungry lizard (line 55) primarily in order to

(A) demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of nonmammals

(B) broaden the application of his argument by including an insectivore as an example

(C) make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness

(D) provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators(C)

(E) offer an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness

19. It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage

(A) past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival

(B) attention is more highly focused

(C) muscular coordination is less highly developed

(D) there is less need for competition among species(A)

(E) environment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator

20. The sensitivity described in lines 56-61 is most clearly an example of

(A) “free-floating awareness” (lines 16-17)

(B) “flooding of impulses in the brain stem” (lines 29-30)

(C) “the holding of consistent images” (lines 31-32)

(D) “integration of details with perceived ends and purposes” (lines 37-38)(D)

(E) “silk-thin veils of tranquility” (line 64)

21. The author’s attitude toward the mammals discussed in the passage is best described as

(A) superior and condescending

(B) lighthearted and jocular

(C) apologetic and conciliatory

(D) wistful and tender(E)

(E) respectful and admiring

22. The author provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

I. Why is an aroused herbivore usually fearful?

II. What are some of the degrees of attention in large mammals?

III. What occurs when the stimulus that causes arousal of a mammal is removed?

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only(C)

(E) I, II and III

23. According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?

(A) Interplay of predator and prey

(B) Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of the grasslands

(C) Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles

(D) Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species(A)

(E) Improvement of the capacity for memory among herbivores and carnivores

24. According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT:

(A) the production of adrenaline

(B) the production of norepinephrine

(C) a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli

(D) an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli(E)

(E) an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem

Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.

Pessen does present a quantity of (a quantity of: 一些) examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.

25. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:

(A) They formed a distinct upper class.

(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.

(C) Some of them worked as professionals or in business.

(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.(D)

(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.

26. The author’s attitude toward Pessen’s presentation of statistics can be best described as

(A) disapproving

(B) shocked

(C) suspicious

(D) amused(E)

(E) laudatory

27. Which of the following best states the author’s main point?

(A) Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America.

(B) Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.

(C) Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.

(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.(E)

(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.

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